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青铜佛像的鉴别方法

Identification of bronze Buddha statues

佛像的鉴别应以类型、轻重、颜色等为切入点，发掘凝固在佛像上的历史痕迹。

The identification of Buddhist statues should be based on the types, weights and colors, etc. to explore the historical traces solidified on the Buddha statues.

类型。中国古代青铜佛像艺术分为汉传佛像艺术和藏传佛像艺术两大类型，要区分风格差异，搞清青铜成分或鎏金等质地，结合时代特征综合判断，以标准器作为真伪依据，判断铜铸佛像是否属于新仿，是否经过做旧处理。

Type. Ancient Chinese bronze Buddha statue art can be divided into two types: Han Buddhism art and Tibetan Buddhist statue art. It is necessary to distinguish the style differences, clarify the bronze composition or gilding texture, combine with the characteristics of the times, and judge whether the bronze Buddha statue is a new imitation and whether it has been made old.

颜色。古代佛像被放在佛龛上供奉，久历人间烟火、日月侵蚀，难免表层颜色暗淡。鎏金铜造像更是如此，在阳光下折射回来的光线十分柔和。而新仿、做旧处理过的铜铸佛像折射光线较刺眼。

Color. The ancient Buddha statues were placed on the niches, which were eroded by human fireworks, sun and moon for a long time, and the surface color was inevitably dim. This is especially true of gilded bronze statues, which reflect very soft light in the sun. However, the newly imitated and dilapidated copper Buddha statues refract light more dazzling.

质量。古代佛像所用铜质较纯，质量重，特别是浇铸器物，有厚度，十分厚重。仿制金铜佛像一般使用合金材料，铜质不纯，质量轻。

Quality. The copper used in ancient Buddhist statues is pure and heavy, especially the casting objects, which are thick and heavy. Imitation gold copper Buddha statues generally use alloy materials, copper impure, light weight.

工艺。受古老的生产工艺限制，浇铸成型的佛像要经过细致的雕塑技法处理工序，纹饰、底座等处的加工痕迹清晰可见。现代铜铸佛像使用机制打磨，所生成的加工痕迹极有规律。

technology. Restricted by the ancient production technology, the cast-in-shape Buddha statue has to go through the detailed sculpture technique processing process, and the processing traces of the decorative patterns and the base can be seen clearly. Modern bronze Buddha statues are polished by mechanism, and the processing traces are very regular.

嗅觉。古老的铜质佛像历经长期供奉和烟火熏染，可以嗅到烟火味道；倘若长期埋藏于地下，可以嗅到发霉、发朽的味道。而现代仿品嗅到的是化学腐蚀味道。

Smell. Ancient bronze Buddha statues can smell the smell of fireworks after long-term worship and smoke; if they are buried underground for a long time, they can smell moldy and rotten. Modern imitations smell chemical corrosion.